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While trying to invent things, man discovered and assembled various materials by observing natural things or modified the existing things to suit his own requirements. By doing so, these things turn out ot be artistically good, as they might have been chosen and arranged according to their natural forms. In due course of time, man started creating beautiful things not only by copying the nature, but also by following some guidelines. To create beautiful things consistently, he had realized that he has to select certain elements like color, form, texture, pattern etc. and to arrange them in an orderly way to create designs that conform to certain standards. These guidelines for creating designs might have eventually taken the term, principles of design.

It can, therefore be concluded that structuring of art forms is guided by established principles. They are expressive of the manner in which various design elements are arranged within a given space – be it the artist’s canvas or the confines of a home garden or a courtyard. It is also realized that certain clearly defined principles of design or arrangements are common to the space arts like painting, sculpture. Architecture, handicrafts and industrial, commercial and other related arts. Thus it can be said that the principles of art are not only actually the formulae for creating beauty, but also help in judging whether an object or an area of the house is artistically good or poor. Because a design, as it represents the ideas and personalities of the individuals who live in it! It is, therefore, important for an interior designer to understand some of the basic principles that might serve as a guide for creating good designs.

Objectives Of Design:

There can be no rigid or formulae for selecting and arranging the components of a design because these wound immediately preclude the spontaneous expressions of the individuals. Designs that are stereotyped or imitative or lack individuality are likely to become monotonous and tiresome. Yet there  are certain fundamentals that should be considered if the created designs are to achieve their objectives, namely,

• Beauty
• Expressiveness, and
• Functionalism

Creation of design involves the selection of individual design elements and the arrangement of them within a spatial enclosure to satisfy certain functional and aesthetic needs and wishes. This arrangement of elements in space includes the act of making patterns. No one single element in space stands alone. In a design patter all the elements of design depends on one another for their visual impact, function and meaning.

Colors affect the mood of an individual: Colors have a strong effect on emotions. Cool colors have quietening influence. On the other hand, warm colors have colors have a cheerful, comforting effect which may increase stimulation and excitement. Color, because of its emotional effect, is largely responsible for atmosphere in the home. It is capable of smoothing or irritating, depressing or cheering, welcoming or repelling, charming or boring. For example, yellow has the effect of cheerful gaiety, optimism in the home. It gives the effect of sunlight. Similarly, blue is associated with water and sky, giving a cool effect.

Color has dimension: Color can make an object appear larger or smaller. A light colored object appears larger than a dark, colored object. A white cube of the same dimension appears larger than a black cube. Cool colors carry an object appear lighter or heavier.  Cool colors carry an illusion of distance and thus objects with cool colors seem to recede on the other hand, warm colors seem to advance. It is possible to make a room look shorter than its actual length by using warm colors at the end of the room. The effect of color is very important in interior decoration, since a square room can be made to appear oblong with receding or cool colors on three walls and an advancing or warm color on one wall of the room.

Color has weight: Color can make an object appear lighter or heavier. A white or pastel colored object will appear lighter than a similar object in a dark color. In home interiors, dark colors should be preferred for carpeting or for floor mats while lighter colors should be used at higher levels. White being the lighest of all, is always used for painting the ceiling to give an impression of being away from the head!

Strictly speaking, windows along with walls, floors and ceilings from the shell of a room and may be treated to blend unobtrusively into the background. On the other hand, windows are one of the first things to catch the eye when you enter a room.  Windows are really a decorating opportunity for setting a room’s mood and style. Window treatments can cover faults, create illusions or become a focal point. The mood set by window can be quiet reserved or wild as a night club, luxuriously formal, contemporary, classically charming and nostalgic. Windows treatments offer large units of color, texture and styling of a room. Whether to provide a inconspicuous background or to make a decorating asset, it should be remembered that the basic purpose of a window is to provide light and air. At times it may desirable for sunshine to flood the room, at other times, it may be appropriate to block out strong sunlight. It may also frame a lovely view or exclude an unsightly one and it may be the means of ensruing privacy where privacy is needed.

The simplest window treatment is sheer curtains to soften the stark outline of window frames, filter the sunlight and cover and block harshness of glass reflection at night. More elaborate treatment will knowledgeable choice of fabric and style can add immeasurably to the beauty of the rooms and the house.

Yet art is and has been an indispensable need of humanity. It is the art of each race that gives its civilization its distinct character and rhythm. It reflects the whole manner of life of a nation or period. Life and art are closely inseparable terms but life passes and art remains. It is the only thing which is permanent and our knowledge of representation which have flourished and disappeared is almost entirely derived for fragmentary relics of their art. History becomes living reality to us through art. Without it, it would be a dead letter. Above all, art brings pure pleasure into the humblest lives. Without art, life would be intolerable, inconceivable.